People affected worldwide
Most prevalent illness globally (WHO)
Ratio — women affected more than men
Hours — duration of a single migraine attack
Understanding Migraine
More Than a Headache — A Neurological Condition
To properly answer what is migraine, it’s important to understand that migraine is not simply a severe headache.
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder involving changes in brain activity, nerve signaling, and chemical release.
One key mechanism involves the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) — a molecule that plays a role in pain signaling and inflammation during migraine attacks.
This is why migraine often includes more than pain alone.
Common Symptoms of Migraine
Migraine symptoms vary between individuals but often include:
Throbbing or pulsating head pain (often one-sided)
Nausea or vomiting
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Sensitivity to sound (phonophobia)
Visual disturbances (aura)
Dizziness or brain fog
👉 These symptoms can be disabling and may interfere with work, sleep, and daily activities.
The Four Phases of Migraine
Understanding What Happens During a Migraine Attack
01
Prodrome
Hours or days before the migraine begins:
- Mood changes
- Food cravings
- Neck stiffness
- Fatigue or yawning
02
Aura (in some patients)
Experienced by about 25–30% of patients:
- Visual disturbances (flashing lights, blind spots)
- Tingling or numbness
- Speech difficulty
Typically lasts 20–60 minutes.
03
Headache Phase
The main migraine attack:
- Moderate to severe throbbing pain
- Often one-sided
- Nausea and vomiting
- Light and sound sensitivity
Can last 4–72 hours without treatment.
04
Postdrome
After the migraine subsides:
- Fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating
- Mood changes
- Residual discomfort
Often described as a “migraine hangover.”
What Causes Migraine?
The exact cause is not fully understood, but migraine is linked to:
- Brain signaling changes
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental triggers
Common triggers include:
- Stress
- Sleep changes
- Hormonal fluctuations
- Diet and dehydration
Weather changes (common in Calgary)
When Should You See a Specialist for Migraine?
If you’re asking what is migraine because your symptoms are frequent or worsening, it may be time to seek professional care.
You should consider seeing a specialist if:
- You have frequent or severe migraines
- Your headaches are affecting your daily life
- Over-the-counter medications are not working
- Your symptoms are increasing over time
👉 Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.
How Migraine Is Treated
Migraine treatment depends on frequency, severity, and type.
Treatment options may include:
Preventive medications
Botox injections for chronic migraine
CGRP-targeted therapies
Nerve Blocks
Lifestyle and trigger management
What Is Migraine vs Headache?
(Important Difference)
Many patients ask: what is migraine compared to a regular headache?
| Migraine | Regular Headache |
| Neurological disorder | General symptom |
| Often one-sided | Usually both sides |
| Includes nausea & sensitivity | Typically no additional symptoms |
| Can last 4–72 hours | Usually shorter duration |
| May require specialist care | Often self-managed |
Ready to Take the Next Step?
Understand Your Migraine — And Get the Right Treatment
Understanding what migraine is is the first step — but managing it properly requires the right diagnosis and care.
Our Calgary headache clinic provides specialist-led treatment tailored to your condition.
Phone
Fax (Referrals)
403-460-4569
Location
#10 – 12432 Symons Valley Rd NW